Petit-Goâve sits on Haiti's southern peninsula on the Gulf of Gonâve, west of Port-au-Prince. Its people are known as the Soulouquois, after Faustin Soulouque, the city's most famous son, who was born there in 1782 and rose to become president and emperor of Haiti.

The city is famous for dous makòs, the layered milk fudge first made here, and for mountain villages such as Palmes. It is also the childhood town of writer Dany Laferrière, a member of the Académie française.